This study aimed to examine the relationship between parenting styles, parental emotion regulation, and emotional-behavioral problems in upper-secondary school students. The research was applied in purpose, quantitative in nature, and descriptive-correlational in design. The statistical population consisted of all parents of upper-secondary school students in Ardabil in 2025. Given the lack of precise statistics on the total population, a sample of 384 individuals was selected using the maximum sample size based on Cochran’s formula via cluster random sampling. Data were collected using the Baumrind Parenting Styles Questionnaire (1973), the Gross and John Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2003), and the Quay and Peterson Revised Behavior Problem Checklist (RBPC). The findings indicated significant positive correlations between permissive and authoritarian parenting styles and emotional-behavioral problems. Conversely, a significant negative correlation was found between authoritative parenting and emotional-behavioral problems among students. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was observed between parental cognitive reappraisal and students' emotional-behavioral problems, while a significant positive correlation was identified between parental emotional suppression and these problems (p<0.05). The results suggest that dysfunctional parenting styles (authoritarian and permissive) and parental emotional suppression contribute to the development of emotional-behavioral problems in students. Therefore, educating parents on authoritative parenting skills, alongside training in emotion regulation strategies specifically cognitive reappraisal can serve as an effective intervention to reduce and prevent emotional and behavioral disorders in adolescents.
Nikshad, A. and Ghaffari, A. (2025). Examining the Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Parental Emotion Regulation with Emotional-Behavioral Problems in Upper-Secondary Students. A Review of Theorizing of Behavioral Sciences, 2(1), -. doi: 10.22098/j9032.2026.20276.1073
MLA
Nikshad, A. , and Ghaffari, A. . "Examining the Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Parental Emotion Regulation with Emotional-Behavioral Problems in Upper-Secondary Students", A Review of Theorizing of Behavioral Sciences, 2, 1, 2025, -. doi: 10.22098/j9032.2026.20276.1073
HARVARD
Nikshad, A., Ghaffari, A. (2025). 'Examining the Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Parental Emotion Regulation with Emotional-Behavioral Problems in Upper-Secondary Students', A Review of Theorizing of Behavioral Sciences, 2(1), pp. -. doi: 10.22098/j9032.2026.20276.1073
CHICAGO
A. Nikshad and A. Ghaffari, "Examining the Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Parental Emotion Regulation with Emotional-Behavioral Problems in Upper-Secondary Students," A Review of Theorizing of Behavioral Sciences, 2 1 (2025): -, doi: 10.22098/j9032.2026.20276.1073
VANCOUVER
Nikshad, A., Ghaffari, A. Examining the Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Parental Emotion Regulation with Emotional-Behavioral Problems in Upper-Secondary Students. A Review of Theorizing of Behavioral Sciences, 2025; 2(1): -. doi: 10.22098/j9032.2026.20276.1073
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